In this paper, two different statistical approaches are used for DURATION prediction of the Farsi language. These two statistical models are Neural Networks (NN) and Classification And Regression Trees (CART). The first step in this work was to create a database and develop a flexible feature extraction and selection module. In the next step, the output of the feature selection module was used to train both models. The results of the trained models are further studied to determine the most important parameters affecting the SYLLABLE DURATION in Farsi. The model accuracy is evaluated by using separate training and test data. In the third step of This work, an automatic rule generator module was added to the CART model. These DURATION prediction rules can be easily applied in a rule-based speech synthesis system.

introduction: Crystal is one the pernicious addictive drugs which has unfortunately been imported to Iran in the recent years. As Crystal is the purified form of Heroin, its adverse effects are much more serious than those of Heroin. Apart from psychological effects, addiction to Crystal may have adverse effects on organs and tissues. So, the evaluation of enzymatic changes could be helpful in identifying the origin of damages. Alkaline phosphatase is present in most tissues and the most prevalent cause of its elevation is liver and bone diseases. Since liver damages may be caused by Heroin consumption, assaying ALP levels could be useful for investigating the adverse effects of this drug.Materials and Methods: This study is a case control study which was carried out on 50 control persons and 108 crystal addicts who referred to Salehabad Center of Drug Addiction Treatment (Torbat jam) for the first time during 2008-2010. The activity level of Alkaline phosphatase in the serum was measured with Calorimetry-Spectrophotometry Using computer software SPSS-16, t-test was used to analyze the data.Results: The results of this study indicate that there is a significant relationship between Crystal consumption and the serum level of ALP in both groups (P= 0.001). Besides, the relationships between the DURATION of Crystal consumption with Alkaline phosphatase level and cigarette smoking were significant.Conclusion: Our results revealed that Crystal consumption is an important factor for elevating the ALP serum level in Crystal addicts.

This descriptive-analytical research aims to investigate the SYLLABLE structure of five-SYLLABLE words in the Persian language. In so doing, data were collected using the library method to study all of the five-SYLLABLE words in the one-volume Persian dictionary Farhang Rooz-e Sokhan (2004), and a corpus consisting of 1574 five-SYLLABLE words was extracted. The collected data have been studied regarding the types of SYLLABLE patterns used in the structure of words, paying attention to the effect of word formation and re-syllabification processes on the phonotactic arrangement and their moraic weight. According to the results, 62 SYLLABLE patterns have been identified in the structure of the studied words. Even though the frequency of the words with a closed SYLLABLE without a consonant cluster is higher in number due to the placement of closed SYLLABLEs in different positions, the dominant SYLLABLE pattern belongs to the words with five open SYLLABLEs and 1-2-1-2-2 moraic weight. The imposed restrictions were aimed at increasing the number of open and light SYLLABLEs and reducing the consonant clusters. The frequency of open SYLLABLEs is significantly higher than that of closed SYLLABLEs, and word-formation processes such as derivation and affixation have played a role in it. However, the frequency of heavy SYLLABLEs consisting of two or more moras is higher than that of light SYLLABLEs with one mora. The derivational process of changing the closed SYLLABLE to an open one is related to a reduction in the SYLLABLE weight and the presence of extra-heavy SYLLABLEs containing consonant clusters in words.

Although SYLLABLE is not a meaningful unit of language, it has major functional roles in language. One of the most important functional roles of SYLLABLE is the formation and organization of language’s phonetic system.Any language has its specific SYLLABLE construct (patterns), and specific restrictions for the combination and use of sounds in the SYLLABLE level. In addition, various languages usually tend to keep their SYLLABLE rules; so, SYLLABLE patterns usually are not loaned by languages. Therefore, it can be said that part of differences in phonetic systems in various languages are caused by differences in their SYLLABLE structure. On the other hand, due to its main function (formation and organization of language’ phonetic system), SYLLABLE is directly associated with the learning of language’s phonetic system. The present article deals with comparison of the common SYLLABLE patterns in Russian and Persian languages. The results show that the patterns of the Russian SYLLABLE are more diverse than that of Persian. Most important differences that are often problematic for Iranian learners are the heavy consonant cluster in the onset of Russian words and SYLLABLEs, as well as the frequency of multi-syllabic words in Russian language.

One of the most important issues in the composition of Iranian songs is the selection as well as the recitation of the poem. The significance of this idea can be only viewed in the function of the poetry in forming musical phrases. In this article, two phonetic characters have been studied and their position reviewed as they appear in the "Radif-e Avazi-ye Mahmud Karimi"; The effect of DURATION of SYLLABLE on forming rhythm and The effect of stress on melody. The researches done on language communicate with Iranian music could be descript with two approach. The first approach is emphasized on the meaning of the poetry. These researches have focused on how to utter the poetry and to transfer its meaning by words. The works of Hossein dehlavi (1378), Majid kiani (1371), Mohammad Reza Lotfi (1381), Mansour A' azami kia (1377) and Ruhollah khaleghi (1377) is found on this approach. The second approach in these studies is found on rhythm. Hossein Dehlavi (1378) in his study compares short, long and very long (Keshide) SYLLABLEs with notes in music. Also, Majid Kiani (1371) have investigated this cases on rhythm in Iranian traditional song. Attention to the DURATION of SYLLABLE, also, could be seen in researches done on music of poetry. These researches are found on the metrical theory. This article intend to investigate Persian language communicate with Iranian music on the basis of linguistic theories. In the other word, this research intends to know the influences of some of the phonetically characters in poetry on forming musical patterns. Therefore, after selection the 15 samples from figures of "Radif-e Mahmud Karimi" have been searched in these items: The identity between the DURATION of SYLLABLE in Persian words and DURATION of notes. This identity can cause to forming rhythm in Iranian song. - Producing melodic patterns in Iranian song by changing frequency in stressed SYLLABLE and changing intonation in Persian sentences. (Interrogative, conditional, imperative, compound, ...). The main object of this article is descript the similarity between the structure of musical specialties of the Persian language and the same ones in the sentences of "Musiqi Dastgahi". In the other word, this research wants to reach to the effect of these characters in poetry, on firming musical patterns. The results of this study are as follows: the DURATION of SYLLABLE in poetry' s words can assign temporal forming notes in Iranian song. Also, in level of stress, the transforming frequency in Persian stress creates the melodic patterns in "Radif-e Avazi". The arrangement of stresses in the syntactical phrases is not usually conforms to the investigated samples. It is because of some distance between the SYLLABLEs in Iranian song. In the level of sentences and phrases, the variety of the intonation in the sentences of Persian language proportionate with some of the figures in "Radif-e Avazi". These cases cause to some of the techniques like temporarily stopping before"Shahed", also adding a SYLLABLE to words' SYLLABLEs.

The main purpose of this paper is to explore, on the basis of a quite extensive corpus (certain body of data) drawn from Azeri (different variety of Turkish) language, the distribution and the frequency of the SYLLABLE structures as well as the frequency of vowels in the SYLLABLE structures, in order to achieve the core and unmarked trends in the SYLLABLE structure and the more preferable SYLLABLE head in the phonological system of Azeri. According to the descriptive analysis, the CVC SYLLABLE and the CV. CV. CVC SYLLABLE were the most frequent SYLLABLE structures. The results of the vowel frequency in all SYLLABLE structure’ s analysis showed that the highest frequencies were for the low vowels [ӕ , ɑ ], the lowest frequencies were for the mid vowels [e, o, ø ] and the high vowels [i, u, y, ɯ ] are in between the two categories.

In this study, the SYLLABLE structure in Central Kurdish (Sorani) language has been phonologically investigated. In this investigation, the SYLLABLE structure has been compared with the views which are based on orthography believe in CGVCC, CCVC and CCVCCC SYLLABLE structures (based on the frequency of occurrence in previous studies). This study examines the presence of a high front lax vowel /I/ in underlying representation or its epenthesis in surface representation during derivational stages. For this purpose, both internal and external linguistic evidences are employed. An audio corpus of the speakers of Mariwan and Sulaimani, along with a questionnaire for determining the native speakers’ intuition in counting the word SYLLABLEs have been employed as the research data. Evidences from vowel changes in cognate and borrowed words, diachronic data, the application of phonological rules in the SYLLABLE domain, sonority sequencing principle and selection of the most sonorous element as SYLLABLE nucleus and consonants as onset and coda, along with acoustic cues for the presence of this vowel in phonetic representation explain the phonological SYLLABLE structure in Central Kurdish. Basic tenets of generative phonology like referring to two levels of representation, and the phonotactic rules on the distribution of building blocks of SYLLABLE form the theoretical framework of this study. The results show that from two opponent hypotheses regarding vowel /I/ existence in phonetic form: 1) existence in UR and faithfulness mapping to SR; 2) lacking in UR and emergence in SR as result of vowel epenthesis rule, regarding above-mentioned phonological arguments, the former is confirmed. By accepting the presence of vowel /I/ in underlying representation and the similarities between glides and other consonants as the second member of the onset, the SYLLABLE structure in Central Kurdish, like standard Persian, is CV(C)(C). In phonetic representation onset clusters of consonant-glide is the result of vowel deletion due to the shared place of articulation with the following glide.

The present article dedicates to studying the SYLLABLE-internal structure in three Iranian Balochi dialects (IBDs) namely Mirjaveh Sarhaddi, Sarawani and Lashari dialects. The data analysis will be based on the onset-rhyme theory (e. g., Kurylowicz, 1948, Fudge, 1969, Vergnaud & Halle, 1979, Selkirk, 1982). Moreover, the SYLLABLE weight in IBDs will be discussed in the framework of mora theory (Hayes, 1985, 1989). The data have been collected during the research fieldwork in Sistan and Baluchestan province, Iran. The research findings demonstrate that the Balochi language is an example of a nucleus-weight language in which heavy SYLLABLEs depend on the number of elements in the nucleus. Thus, CV and CVC are light SYLLABLEs and CVV(C) SYLLABLE is counted as heavy SYLLABLE. Besides, the context-dependent weight of CVC SYLLABLEs occurs in IBDs stress pattern system. Studying the SYLLABLE contact (word-medial consonant clusters) in IBDs shows that Balochi is among languages that admit all types of heterosyllablic clusters.

In Persian, the only SYLLABLE type with consonant clusters is cvcc, where its coda can be filled with two consonants. The present article attempts to find whether these two consonant conform the sonority sequencing principle or not. For this reason, the Persian words with cvcc SYLLABLE type are gathered from Persian dictionaries and are classified based on the vowel filling the nucleus of the SYLLABLEs and the consonants in the first or second slot of the coda and the following results were obtained:a. Sonority sequencing principle is confirmed in clusters nuclei are /i,u,a/.b. Sonority sequencing principle is rejected in clusters with vowels /ae,e,o/.c. Based on sonority sequencing principle, vowels in Persian make up two Natural classes namely /ae,e,o/ and /i,u,a/.